Key Takeaways
GLP-1 medications like Ozempic are game-changers in the world of weight loss. While originally designed to treat type 2 diabetes by boosting insulin production and stabilizing blood sugar, they’ve gained widespread attention for their powerful weight-loss benefits.
However, as effective as Ozempic is, it’s not without side effects. One of the most common challenges users face is constipation.
In this guide, we’ll break down the key side effects of GLP-1 medications and share practical tips on how to stop constipation on Ozempic.
What are GLP-1s?
GLP-1 medications, short for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, mimic the natural hormone GLP-1 to help the body use insulin more effectively. Normally released in the stomach after eating, GLP-1 encourages the pancreas to produce insulin, which helps transport sugar from the bloodstream into cells for energy.
For individuals with type 2 diabetes—where the body struggles to produce enough insulin or use it effectively—GLP-1 medications stimulate insulin release and block glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar, to prevent spikes.
Common GLP-1 medications include Trulicity, Byetta, Victoza, Adlyxin, and Ozempic.
In addition to regulating blood sugar, GLP-1 medications slow down digestion, stabilizing blood sugar levels and prolonging feelings of fullness. This satiety effect has made them increasingly popular for weight loss, although slower digestion can sometimes lead to constipation.
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Why Does Ozempic Cause Constipation?
Constipation is among the most commonly reported symptoms of GLP-1 medications, particularly Ozempic. It occurs when stool moves too slowly through your bowels, leading to bloating, discomfort, and painful bowel movements.
Ozempic causes constipation mainly because it slows down the gastric emptying process to prolong feelings of fullness and prevent blood sugar spikes. While this ultimately benefits people with type 2 diabetes, providing blood sugar and appetite control, it can also lead to stool build-up for several reasons.
First, people tend to drink less water when they feel full. This can lead to dehydration, which can dry out stool and make it harder and more painful to pass. A suppressed appetite may also make you eat less, which may prevent you from getting the fiber you need for healthy bowel movements. Fiber is an important carbohydrate for digestion as it adds bulk to and softens your stools, making them easier to pass.
Overall, a slowed digestive tract, paired with dehydration and a reduced fiber intake, can leave people taking Ozempic to feel backed up.
How Long Does Constipation Last with Ozempic?
It’s unclear how long constipation lasts with Ozempic. Research suggests that symptoms subside as your body adjusts to the medication.
One study found that constipation from Ozempic lasted nearly seven weeks or 47 days on average. Some participants reported symptoms 10 weeks after starting Ozempic. This suggests that there may be an adjustment period while starting Ozempic in some people.
Some research suggests that dosage also plays a role in constipation symptoms. One report found that higher doses of Ozempic were linked to higher reports of side effects, including constipation. Beginning with a lower dose may help prevent constipation and other GLP-1 side effects.
What are Other GLP-1 Side Effects?
Besides constipation, common side effects of GLP-1 medications include:
● Weight loss
● Abdominal pain
● Nausea or vomiting
● Diarrhea
Ozempic can also cause rare but serious side effects, including allergic reactions, hypoglycemia, vision changes, kidney problems, gallbladder problems, and pancreatitis.
How to Stop Constipation on Ozempic
While constipation is a common and sometimes long-term side effect of Ozempic, relief is possible. Lifestyle changes, over-the-counter stool softeners, and prescription medication can help manage your symptoms and prevent further complications.
Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle changes such as staying hydrated, increasing fiber intake, and getting active can significantly improve constipation symptoms. Drinking enough water prevents dehydration, which can make constipation worse. To stay hydrated, aim to drink six to eight cups of water each day.
Increasing your fiber intake also helps soften and pass stools more easily. The daily fiber recommendation for women is at least 25 grams, and for men, it is at least 31 grams.
Because your appetite decreases with Ozempic, it’s important to focus on fiber-rich foods when you eat. Add fresh fruits, veggies, and whole grains to your meals. Some high-fiber foods include: apples, grapes, berries, chia seeds, beans, spinach, and cabbage.
Staying active also helps regulate your digestive system and keeps your bowels moving.
Over-the-Counter Stool Softeners
Over-the-counter stool softeners can offer quick relief from constipation symptoms. That said, they’re meant for short-term use and can cause chronic constipation if the body becomes reliant on them for bowel movements.
Stop taking OTC stool softeners after passing a bowel movement and take no longer than a week at a time. Common OTC stool softeners include Miralax, Colace, and Dulcolax. In some cases, prescription medication may be necessary.
When to See a Doctor for GLP-1 Constipation
If your constipation lasts for more than two weeks and does not improve with over-the-counter stool softeners, it’s a good idea to consult your healthcare provider.
You should also seek medical attention if your symptoms worsen or if you experience signs of a potential complication, such as:
● Severe abdominal pain or cramping
● Blood in the stool
● Pain during bowel movements
● Nausea or vomiting
● Vomit that contains blood or resembles coffee grounds
Find Constipation Relief with a Licensed Dietitian
Ozempic and other GLP-1 medications can sometimes cause side effects like constipation. However, help is available.
If constipation persists or starts affecting your daily life, a dietitian can help you craft a diet that works for you. At Dietitian Live, our licensed dietitians can help you understand what might be causing your constipation and how to alleviate it.
We can work with you to create a personalized diet and exercise plan that complements your Ozempic treatment and supports your overall health. Book an appointment to find relief today!
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