How to Stop Constipation on Ozempic

GLP-1 medications like Ozempic have revolutionized weight loss while effectively treating type 2 diabetes. Despite their remarkable benefits, many patients struggle with uncomfortable digestive side effects—especially constipation. If Ozempic constipation and slowed digestion is causing you discomfort, these practical strategies will help restore your digestive balance while maintaining the medication’s benefits.

What are GLP-1s?

GLP-1 medications, short for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, mimic the natural hormone GLP-1 to help the body use insulin more effectively. Normally released in the stomach after eating, GLP-1 encourages the pancreas to produce insulin, which helps transport sugar from the bloodstream into cells for energy.

For individuals with type 2 diabetes—where the body struggles to produce enough insulin or use it effectively—GLP-1 medications stimulate insulin release and block glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar, to prevent spikes.

Common GLP-1 medications, which are also known as diabetes drugs, include Trulicity, Byetta, Victoza, Adlyxin, and Ozempic. These medications are used to manage type 2 diabetes and related conditions such as obesity by mimicking natural hormones to regulate blood sugar levels and appetite.

In addition to regulating blood sugar, GLP-1 medications slow down digestion, stabilizing blood sugar levels and prolonging feelings of fullness. This satiety effect has made them increasingly popular for weight loss, although slower digestion can sometimes lead to constipation.

Does Ozempic Cause Constipation?

Yes, Ozempic causes constipation in many patients. Clinical trials and real-world studies confirm that constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal side effects experienced by people taking semaglutide, with many having experienced constipation and the associated frustration. According to FDA-approved clinical trials, between 3% and 13% of people taking Ozempic report constipation as a side effect.

While not as common as nausea or diarrhea, constipation can significantly impact quality of life and treatment adherence if not properly managed. Healthcare providers now routinely discuss this potential side effect with patients before starting Ozempic treatment to ensure they’re prepared with management strategies.

How Common is Ozempic Constipation?

The prevalence of constipation varies among Ozempic users. Clinical trial data shows constipation occurring in approximately 5% of patients taking the 0.5 mg dose and 3.1% of those taking the 1.0 mg dose. However, more recent research suggests higher rates, with constipation affecting between 3% and 13% of people taking Ozempic for diabetes.

Interestingly, constipation appears more common in people using Ozempic for off-label weight loss, with some studies reporting rates as high as 24% in this population. Most gastrointestinal side effects tend to increase with higher doses of Ozempic, though constipation patterns may differ. Despite the discomfort, only about 4% of people experiencing gut-related side effects choose to discontinue Ozempic treatment, suggesting these symptoms are manageable for most users.

Why Does Ozempic Cause Constipation?

Constipation is among the most commonly reported symptoms of GLP-1 medications, particularly Ozempic. It occurs when stool moves too slowly through your bowels, leading to bloating, discomfort, and painful bowel movements.

Ozempic causes constipation mainly because it slows down the gastric emptying process to prolong feelings of fullness and prevent blood sugar spikes. While this ultimately benefits people with type 2 diabetes by providing blood sugar and appetite control, it can also lead to stool build-up for several reasons. Stomach paralysis, also known as gastroparesis, can be a rare but serious side effect of Ozempic.

First, people tend to drink less water when they feel full. This can lead to dehydration, which can dry out stool and make it harder and more painful to pass. A suppressed appetite may also make you eat less, which may prevent you from getting the fiber you need for healthy bowel movements. Fiber is an important carbohydrate for digestion as it adds bulk to and softens your stools, making them easier to pass.

Overall, a slowed digestive tract, paired with dehydration and a reduced fiber intake, can lead people taking Ozempic to feel backed up.

How Long Does Constipation Last with Ozempic?

It’s unclear how long constipation lasts with Ozempic. Research suggests that symptoms subside as your body adjusts to the medication.

One study found that constipation from Ozempic lasted nearly seven weeks or 47 days on average. Some participants reported symptoms 10 weeks after starting Ozempic. This suggests that there may be an adjustment period while starting Ozempic in some people.

Some research suggests that dosage also plays a role in constipation symptoms. One report found that higher doses of Ozempic were linked to higher reports of side effects, including constipation. Beginning with a lower dose may help prevent constipation and other GLP-1 side effects.

What are Other Side Effects of Ozempic?

Besides constipation, common side effects of GLP-1 medications include:

• Weight loss
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea

Ozempic can also cause rare but serious side effects, including allergic reactions, hypoglycemia, vision changes, kidney problems, gallbladder problems, pancreatitis, and thyroid cancer.

Lifestyle Changes for Ozempic Constipation Relief

Lifestyle changes such as staying hydrated, increasing fiber intake, and getting active can significantly improve constipation symptoms. Here’s a look at a few lifestyle changes you can make to help improve your Ozempic constipation relief:

1. Drink More Water

Proper hydration is crucial when taking Ozempic. Aim for at least 64-100 ounces (8-12 cups) of water daily. When you’re well-hydrated, your body won’t extract excess water from waste in your colon, which helps prevent hard, dry stools. Consider carrying a reusable water bottle throughout the day as a reminder to drink regularly. If plain water becomes boring, try adding cucumber slices, lemon, or a splash of fruit juice for flavor. Herbal teas and clear broths also count toward your fluid intake and can help stimulate digestion.

2. Eat More Fiber

Gradually increase your fiber intake to prevent bloating and gas. Focus on incorporating both soluble fiber (found in oats, beans, and fruits) and insoluble fiber (found in whole grains, nuts, and vegetables). Start with adding 5 extra grams of fiber daily, then slowly work up to the recommended amounts, as a sudden increase can worsen bloating and discomfort. Consider fiber-rich snacks like an apple with almond butter, a small bowl of berries, or a handful of nuts when your appetite is decreased due to Ozempic.

3. Move Your Body

Regular physical activity stimulates muscle contractions in your intestines, helping move waste through your digestive system more efficiently. Even light exercise like a 20-minute walk after meals can make a significant difference. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily – this could be walking, swimming, cycling, or yoga. Specific yoga poses like child’s pose, happy baby, and twists can specifically target and stimulate the digestive system, offering relief from constipation.

4. Establish a Regular Bowel Movement Routine

Create a consistent schedule for bathroom visits, ideally 20-30 minutes after meals when your gut is most active due to the gastrocolic reflex. Don’t ignore the urge to go, as this can lead to harder stools over time. Allow yourself sufficient, unhurried time in the bathroom. Consider using a footstool to elevate your knees above your hips while sitting on the toilet, which creates a more natural position for bowel movements and can make them easier to pass.

5. Avoid Certain Foods

While taking Ozempic, some foods may worsen constipation. Limit processed foods, refined carbohydrates, dairy products (especially cheese), red meat, and fried foods. These items are low in fiber and can slow digestion further. Also be cautious with foods that naturally slow digestion, like rice, bananas, and white bread. Instead, focus on naturally laxative foods such as prunes, kiwi, leafy greens, and flaxseeds, which can help promote bowel regularity while on Ozempic.

6. Take a Probiotic Supplement

Probiotic supplements containing beneficial bacteria strains like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus can help maintain gut health and improve bowel regularity. Look for supplements containing at least 1-10 billion CFUs (colony-forming units). Alternatively, incorporate probiotic-rich foods like yogurt with live cultures, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi into your diet. Pairing probiotics with prebiotic foods like garlic, onions, and asparagus creates an optimal environment for beneficial gut bacteria to thrive.

7. Adjust Your Daily Routine

Simple routine adjustments can significantly impact digestive health while on Ozempic. Try taking your medication at the same time each day to help your body establish a rhythm. Consider timing your meals consistently as well. Some patients find that taking Ozempic before bed rather than in the morning helps minimize digestive discomfort. Additionally, practice stress-reduction techniques like deep breathing or meditation, as stress can worsen constipation by affecting gut motility. Finally, massage your abdomen in a clockwise direction to stimulate movement in your colon.

Over-the Counter Medications for Ozempic Constipation

When lifestyle changes aren’t providing enough relief from Ozempic-related constipation, over-the-counter remedies can offer additional support. These accessible medications work through different mechanisms to soften stool, stimulate bowel movements, or draw water into the intestines. Understanding your options helps you choose the most appropriate solution for your specific symptoms while minimizing potential side effects. Users should also be aware of the potential for an allergic reaction when using over-the-counter medications.

Over-the-Counter Stool Softeners

Over-the-counter stool softeners can offer quick relief from constipation symptoms. That said, they’re meant for short-term use and can cause chronic constipation if the body becomes reliant on them for bowel movements.

Stop taking OTC stool softeners after passing a bowel movement and take no longer than a week at a time. Common OTC stool softeners include Miralax, Colace, and Dulcolax. In some cases, prescription medication may be necessary.

Prebiotics and Probiotics

Prebiotics and probiotics can play a significant role in managing Ozempic-related constipation by supporting a healthy gut microbiome. Prebiotics are specialized plant fibers that act as food for beneficial gut bacteria, while probiotics are live beneficial bacteria themselves.

Recent clinical trials show probiotics can achieve significant results for constipation relief. Consider taking a daily probiotic supplement containing strains like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which are known to support regular bowel movements. Look for supplements with at least 1 billion CFUs (colony-forming units) for effectiveness.

You can also incorporate natural probiotics through fermented foods such as yogurt with live cultures, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, and kombucha. These foods introduce beneficial bacteria directly into your digestive system. Pairing these with prebiotic foods like garlic, onions, bananas, and asparagus creates an optimal environment for gut bacteria to thrive and improve digestive function.

OTC Solutions for Ozempic Constipation

Beyond standard over-the-counter laxatives and stool softeners, several non-prescription options can provide relief from Ozempic-induced constipation:

• Magnesium supplements may help attract water into the intestines, softening stool and making it easier to pass. Start with a low dose (200-300mg) and increase gradually if needed.
• Psyllium husk, a natural fiber supplement available in powder or capsule form, absorbs water in the intestines to form a gel-like substance that helps move waste through the digestive tract. Start with a small amount and gradually increase to avoid bloating.
• Aloe vera juice has natural laxative properties that can gently stimulate bowel movements. Look for products specifically formulated for internal use, as some aloe products are intended only for topical application.
• Herbal teas containing senna, cascara sagrada, or dandelion can stimulate the digestive system. However, use these with caution as they can cause cramping and shouldn’t be used long-term.
• A warm cup of coffee in the morning can trigger the gastrocolic reflex, which stimulates movement in the colon. However, be mindful that caffeine can also cause dehydration, potentially worsening constipation if you don’t drink enough water.

Prescription Medications for Constipation from Ozempic

When lifestyle changes and over-the-counter options don’t provide sufficient relief from Ozempic-related constipation, prescription medications may be necessary. Your healthcare provider might recommend:

• Lactulose (Cholac, Constulose): This synthetic sugar draws water into the colon, softening stool and increasing bowel movement frequency. It’s particularly effective for chronic constipation but may cause bloating and gas.
• Linaclotide (Linzess): This medication increases fluid secretion in the small intestine and accelerates bowel movements. It’s specifically approved for chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.
• Lubiprostone (Amitiza): This medication increases intestinal fluid secretion to soften stool and increase bowel movements. It’s approved for chronic idiopathic constipation and constipation associated with irritable bowel syndrome.
• Prucalopride (Motegrity): This selective serotonin receptor agonist enhances motility throughout the gastrointestinal tract. It’s especially useful for chronic constipation that hasn’t responded to other treatments.

Your healthcare provider might also consider adjusting your Ozempic dosage or administration schedule if constipation persists. Never begin or discontinue any prescription medication without consulting your healthcare provider first, as these medications may interact with Ozempic or other medications you’re taking.

When to See a Doctor for GLP-1 Constipation

If your constipation lasts for more than two weeks and does not improve with over-the-counter stool softeners, it’s a good idea to consult your healthcare provider.

You should also seek medical attention if your symptoms worsen or if you experience signs of a potential complication, such as:

• Severe abdominal pain or cramping
• Blood in the stool
• Pain during bowel movements
• Nausea or vomiting
• Vomit that contains blood or resembles coffee grounds

Ozempic Constipation Relief: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Do Wegovy and Mounjaro also cause constipation?

Yes, Wegovy (higher-dose semaglutide) and Mounjaro (tirzepatide) can also cause constipation. Since these medications work similarly to Ozempic by slowing gastric emptying, they share many of the same gastrointestinal side effects. The management strategies recommended for Ozempic constipation apply to these medications as well.

What if I still can’t poop even after taking laxatives?

If laxatives aren’t providing relief after 2-3 days, contact your healthcare provider immediately. This could indicate a more serious issue like severe gastroparesis or bowel obstruction. Your provider might recommend a different laxative, a combination approach, or further evaluation to rule out complications. Never exceed recommended dosages of laxatives as this can lead to dangerous electrolyte imbalances.

What is gastroparesis in the Digestive System?

Gastroparesis is a condition where stomach emptying is slowed or delayed. While GLP-1 medications like Ozempic intentionally slow digestion to some degree, severe gastroparesis can cause persistent nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, abdominal pain, and feeling full quickly. Some patients on Ozempic may experience a more pronounced slowing effect that requires medical attention. If you experience frequent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, or inability to eat, seek medical care promptly.

Can constipation cause weight gain?

Temporary weight gain from constipation is possible due to the added weight of retained stool, typically ranging from 1-5 pounds. However, this weight isn’t fat tissue and will disappear once regular bowel movements resume. Ironically, while taking Ozempic for weight loss, constipation might temporarily mask some weight loss on the scale. Focus on overall trends in your weight rather than day-to-day fluctuations, and prioritize managing constipation for comfort and health rather than scale numbers.

Find Constipation Relief with a Licensed Dietitian

Ozempic and other GLP-1 medications can sometimes cause side effects like constipation. However, help is available.

If constipation persists or starts affecting your daily life, a dietitian can help you craft a diet that works for you. At Dietitian Live, our licensed dietitians can help you understand what might be causing your constipation and how to alleviate it.

We can work with you to create a personalized diet and exercise plan that complements your Ozempic treatment and supports your overall health. Book an appointment to find relief today!